Got Deers in Palawan!

Pilandok: World's Smallest Hoofed Mammal

South of Palawan, lies the Balabac Island, home of the world's smallest hoofed mammal - the Philippine mouse deer. Locally known as Pilandok (Tragalus nigricans), this ruminant stands only about 40 centimeters at the shoulder level.


In Balabac, the Pilandok is hunted for its meat.


In other countries, it is called chevrotain, or simply mouse deer. Contrary to its name, pilandok is not a member of the deer family. It belongs to the family Tragulidae in the mammalian order Artiodactyla. The male species has no antlers like those of a real deer. Instead, it uses its large tusk-like canine teeth on its upper jaw for self-defense; in the same way a deer uses its antlers.Aside from the Pilandok, other mouse deer species include the Malay mouse deer or napu and the African water chevrotain. They are found in Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka, and India.
While the mouse deer are widely distributed across Asia, their dwindling population has alarmed the World Conservation Union, which declared them as endangered in 1996.




The Calamian Deer


Calamian Islands, north off Palawan province, keep a species of deer that cannot be found elsewhere. Scientists referred to the hog deer in the islands as Calamian deer in order to distinguish them from other hog deer in the world.


An ordinary Calamian deer measures 105 to 115 centimeters in length and 60 to 65 centimeters high at the shoulder and weighs about 36 to 50 kilograms. It is said to have longer and darker legs, compared with other hog deer.


From a relatively large number in the 1940s, the population of Calamian deer dropped to "dangerously low levels" in the 1970s. By 1996, its population further declined to only about 900, prompting conservationists to declare it as an endangered species.

Half-bear half-cat

Have I seen one? Yes.

My father raised ducks and native chicken as sideline for rice farming and as farmer-partner of a certain research institution. Back then, in the 80’s, I was still a little boy.

I can’t remember exactly when, but one day, my father was so mad at to something. Got dead chicken and one is missing (Back then got only handful of them you actually can count them or knew each one). The incident continued for three days, victims now include the ducks.

He said it must be the “Pasla” or the bearcat. He then sets a trap.

True enough the next morning, in the trap was this creature like a big cat.
Endemic to Palawan, the “cat” , then, was hunted or killed only because it was considered a pest (only few hunted to be sold to zoos, tourists and researchers).

The Palawan bearcat is also known as “Musang” in Tagalog, “Binturong” in Palaw-an, and “Pasla” in Cuyono. The bearcat is a species of its own, with population in the forests of Palawan, Borneo, Burma and Vietnam. It belongs to the family of Viverridae (civets).

Looking half-bear and half-cat but neither a bear nor a cat, this mammal can grow to as much as 1.4 meters. A distinguishing characteristic are ears lined with white fur and long, white whiskers reaching to as much the length of its head. Generally docile when reared and handled and looks docile indeed, the bear cat has sharp claws and teeth that can easily rip through flesh just like a real bear. It can suspend itself by curling its strong tail around branches. It has coarse and thick black-brown fur.

The Palawan Bearcat inhabits thick vegetation in the lowland forests of Palawan. They camouflage themselves in dense vegetation at the canopy of trees preventing easy discovery. Since they are nocturnal, their bright luminous eyes give tell-tale signs of their presence in the trees when light is shone on them.
They are omnivorous, feeding on both fruits, and small animals like rodents, and birds. This was the reason why they are considered pests by farmers because they prey upon poultry.

Because of increased human activities in their habitat, this mammal may become extinct sooner. Aside from the Philippine Government’s DENR (which ability and/or passion in protecting the environment is often questioned) and PCSD, there are other local organization who showed interest in saving wildlife of Palawan, among them, the Haribon Foundation and Katala Foundation.

Palawan Pheasant: The Most Beautiful Peacock

Palawan peacock pheasants can be found only on the island of Palawan. They inhabit the island’s humid, coastal lowland forest and deep forests, which are rapidly diminishing. Several habitat sites are known to exist in the central mountain range. Due to deforestation, it is now thought that they are becoming increasingly restricted to the island’s mountains.

It is considered to be the most beautiful of the peacock species. The male has a long metallic blue crest with white lines above and below the eye. The rest of the head, underparts, and flight feathers are black. The mantle and wing covering are metallic blue with purple reflections. Its back, rump and tail are black with rusty brown spots. The upper tail coverts and broad tail feathers have metallic ocelli (a marking that resembles an eye) bordered by black and gray. It also has two to three spurs on each leg. The male is attractively colored to attract a female. The female is smaller, with no spurs. She is mainly mottled brown, has a crest that is brown, and isn’t as visible as the male. The face and throat is whitish and the tail is much shorter than the male’s with very faint ocelli on the feathers.

The bills are black and the feet are brown in both sexes.

The Palawan peacock pheasant is very shy, but adapts and breeds well in captivity. The male struts and displays to the female with courtship feeding by spreading the feathers of its lower neck and mantle. He bobs his head with a small piece of food in his beak. The male will drop the food in sight of the female and if she takes the food, the male will make a lateral posture that best shows off all the ocelli on the tail and tail coverts. The crest is then erected and pointed forward.

The male emits a long hissing sound while walking circles around the female. If all goes as planned, his display will so impress the female enough that she will accept him for breeding. If another male challenges him, a fight may ensue, in which the rivals use the spurs on the insides of their legs as weapons.

The bird eats live insects, fruit, and seeds.

Nesting may occur both on and above the ground. The clutch is normally two off-white eggs which are incubated by the hen for 18-20 days. Males take no part in the incubation but will help feed and rear the chicks.

Newly hatched chicks have downy feathers flecked with brown and cream, which act as camouflage. The chicks are covered with down and capable of moving around when hatched. They are fed beak-to-beak by their parents. Within a few days the parents will begin to “call” to the chicks, encouraging them to leave the safety of their hidden nest and feed on open ground. At about 10 weeks, the young attain full juvenile plumage and can survive by themselves.

There is controversy among researchers as to whether they are monogamous.

As with many island species, the Palawan peacock pheasant is endangered because of limited range and declining habitat. It is becoming increasingly restricted to the island’s mountains. The present population is estimated at less than 10,000 and is thought to be declining. Bird trading and hunting for food still continues. It is estimated that there are approximately 1,000 Palawan peacock pheasants in captivity worldwide. As habitat declines, captive propagation should not be viewed as the sole answer for their future survival. Presently, these magnificent birds are protected in the island’s 15 square miles of St. Paul’s Subterranean River National Park.

A conservation initiative proposed by The World Conservation Union, Birdlife International, and the Species Survival Commission recommends that people should conduct surveys to identify suitable habitat, particularly in the south part of the island. If suitable sites are found, they should be proposed for protection status. Hunting and bird trade should be controlled more effectively. Another way to preserve the species is to carefully manage the captive population to minimize loss of genetic diversity.

We can help in this cause by joining a conservation organization and recycling forest products.


Source: http://www.rosamondgiffordzoo.org

"Last Ecological Frontier of the Philippines"

Palawan is known at the "Last Ecological Frontier of the Philippines," a distinction bestowed upon the province because of its highly diverse environment that remains relatively pristine in the midst of rapid changes and economic growth. The province boasts of two UNESCO World Heritage Sites - the Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park and the pristine Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park in the Sulu Sea. The province also has seven protected areas, declared by the Philippine government In recognition of their biological importance as habitants of rare and endangered species of plants and animals. The seven protected areas are:
· Coron Island Protected Area in the Municipality of Coron with its seven lakes.
· Calauit Game Preserve and Wildlife Sanctuary in the Municipality of Busuanga known as the first successful wildlife translocation experiment in Asia.
· El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area covering the municipalities of El Nido and Taytay in northern Palawan.
· Malampaya Sound Land and Seascape Protected Area in the Municipality of Taytay -ecologically and economically important both as a watershed and a rich fishing ground and the habitat of Bottle-nosed and Irrawady dolphins.
· Saint Paul Subterranean River National Park in Puerto Princesa City is among the longest navigable underground rivers in the world
· Tubbataha Reef National Marine Park in Sulu Sea home to 400 species of fish and bird species.
· Ursula Island Game Refuge and Bird Sanctuary near the Municipality of Brooke's Point in southern Palawan. The islet is a migratory and wintering ground for shorebirds and seabirds.

Sustainable development of Palawan's terrestrial and marine resources serves as the framework and main strategy of the province's development efforts. Together with government agencies, non-government organizations, the tourism private sector and the communities strives to maintain Palawan's unique ecological system for the benefit of the present and future generations of Palaweños

Sources: Palawan Provincial Information OfficePalawan Council for Sustainable Development

Calauit Island: Sanctuary to Philippine's endemic and Africa’s exotic wildlife

"The Philippine safari."

"Africa in Philippines."

"Bastion of endangered wildlife."

These were just few descriptions this island have.

The Calauit Game Preserve and Wildlife Sanctuary (CGPWS) is the Philippines major conservation showcase for wildlife habitat holding the single distinction as the first successful wildlife translocation experiment in Asia. It has evolved to becoming a home of important Philippine endemic and exotic wildlife from Africa

Its creation (sanctuary) by then President Marcos was through an issuance of Presidential Proclamation No. 1578 on August 31, 1976. It has total land area of 3,400 hectares with low-lying island in the Calamian group, north of Palawan; it is a short distance from the much larger island of Busuanga. The natural vegetation is lowland forest and mangroves along the coast. Much of the forest has now been replaced by plantations, secondary growth and open grassland. Marine habitat is said to have been haven to the dugong, sea turtles, giant clams, coral reefs and a sanctuary for commercial fish species as well.

Prior to its declaration as wildlife sanctuary, about 100 families were already settled in the island. During the issuance of the Proclamation, Calauit was a settlement of more than 200 families whose primary livelihood was fishing. But there were wild “gossip” as to the reason for its establishment – the then dictator, Marcos, just wanted to have an exclusive hunting area safari style.

The Project started in 1977 with the introduction of eight species on an experimental basis to see whether the movement of African wildlife from a subtropical to tropical habitat would succeed. The exodus of 104 different exotic animal species composed of giraffe, eland, zebra, impala, bushbuck, gazelle and waterbuck arrived in the island. At present, the number has increased dramatically, except for gazelle and topi, and is now in existence with some endemic and endangered Philippine wildlife.

Preservation of near-to-extinct endemic wildlife of the Calamianes Group-Culion, Linapacan and Busuanga is also being undertaken in Calauit. In 1980s, Calamian Deer, Palawan Peasant Peacock, Balabac Mouse deer and Palawan Bear Cat mingled with the exotic animals of Africa. The endemic animals particularly the Calamian Deer tremendously soared in number.

In recent years, Calauit achieved its popularity as a unique tourist destination. It has continuously attracted students as well as local and foreign researches who undertake various scientific studies on ecology and wildlife related topics. However, much has to be done to protect the animals and marine resources of the Sanctuary. Conduct of research/studies as well as necessary infrastructure and facilities